Land Grants and Patents

Chapter 10 covered information on the first land grants and patents in that area of North America that became the United States. A description was given of http://www.lva.lib.va.us The Library of Virginia Website, but there were other states who had to deal not with England, but with Spain. Look at these examples below:

New Mexico Land Grants
Land grants were made to individuals and communities during the Spanish (1598 1821) and Mexican (1821 1846) periods of New Mexico's history. Because the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 destroyed nearly all of the Spanish documents in New Mexico, we can only be certain of land grants that were made after the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico in 1693. The two major types of land grants were private grants made to individuals, and communal grants made to groups of individuals for the purpose of establishing settlements. Communal land grants were also made to Pueblos for the lands they inhabited.

In 1846 the United States began its occupation of New Mexico, and in 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established New Mexico as part of the United States. Article 8 of the treaty stated that "property of every kind now belonging to Mexicans not established there shall be inviolably respected." In 1854 the U.S. government established the office of the Surveyor General of New Mexico to ascertain "the origin, nature, character, and extent to all claims to lands under the laws, usages, and customs of Spain and Mexico." These duties included making recommendations to Congress concerning the validity of land grant claims. The Surveyor General considered approximately 180 claims (excluding Pueblo grants) and confirmed 46 of these non Pueblo grants. For various reasons that are discussed in the many books about land grants, the Surveyor General was largely unsuccessful in confirming the validity of New Mexican land grants. In 1891 the US government established the Court of Private Land Claims to adjudicate land grant claims in New Mexico and other states. Over its thirteen year history the Court considered 282 claims to land grants in New Mexico and confirmed 82 of these grants.

See the Online Archives of New Mexico http://elibrary.unm.edu/oanm

Florida also has Spanish Land Grants
From United States Board of Land Commissioners, Confirmed Spanish Land Grant Claims, 1763 1821, Series S990
“Hand colored plat maps such as this one by Surveyor Robert McHardy are among the documents used to establish ownership of land in Florida after it became a territory of the United States in 1821.

The U.S. Board of Land Commissioners was established in 1822 (3 U.S. Statute 709, May 8) to settle all outstanding Spanish land grant claims in the territory that Spain ceded to the United States the previous year. The Board set up offices in Pensacola and Saint Augustine to determine the validity of all titles and private claims to these lands and either supported or rejected the claims based on its review of the documents submitted by claimants.

This series consists of "dossiers" containing those papers, which were filed in evidence and confirmed as valid claims before the Board of Land Commissioners. Each land claim with its supporting documents is encased in a manila jacket on which appears the name of the applicant, the number of acres claimed, the disposition of the claim, and page reference to the American State Papers.

The supporting documents include petitions or memorials to a governor for land; surveys or plats; gifts; attests; deeds of sale, gifts, wills, bequests, and exchanges; applications; and translations of original Spanish land documents. Most of the documents for claims in West Florida are missing.”

Digital copies of the Spanish Land Grant documents may be downloaded from the Florida State Archives at no charge. Photographic copies of the documents are available from the Florida State Archives and their charges are at their website.



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